During World War 1, formal intelligence training facilities were never developed in the United States. American Intelligence Soldiers trained
in France mostly with French or British instructors. After the war, little was done to continue training in the intelligence disciplines.
As the Army mobilized in 1940-41, the need for intelligence training led to the establishment of a dedicated facility at Camp Ritchie, a federalized National Guard training post in a remote corner of Maryland. Nearly 20,000 Soldiers would pass through the camp during the course of the war, learning direction finding, prisoner interrogation, image analysis and the many other critical skills needed for effective tactical intelligence activities.
Training was highly realistic; large classes often viewed battlefield intelligence scenarios conducted in mock villages jokingly called “passion plays”. Instructors uniformed as German soldiers taught classes on equipment identification, uniforms and insignia and German military tactics. Prior to deployment, graduates attended additional training in weapons and field skills and formed into six man teams for assignment to operational combat units.
The training at Camp Ritchie gave American field commanders superbly qualified intelligence specialists and for the first time, put most intelligence training in a single location, under the direction of a unified curriculum. While it would be many years in the making, it was the first step toward today’s Intelligence Center of Excellence at Fort Huachuca.